Barn Swallow

Hirundo rustica

Also called swallow.

The only North American swallow with a genuinely long forked tail, which settles it in flight without any other character. It nests on beams and ledges in barns, bridges and porches.

Size
Sparrow-sized — 15–19 cm
Bill
Thin and pointed
Where
open field, water, yard
Season
summer

What it looks like

Glossy steel-blue above with a rusty forehead and throat, buff-orange underparts and a deeply forked tail with long outer streamers.

The checks that confirm it

  • A deeply forked tail with long trailing streamers.
  • Rusty-orange throat and forehead against glossy blue.
  • Flies low and fast over grass and water, turning constantly.
  • Builds a cup of mud pellets on a ledge or beam.

Voice

A continuous liquid twittering, with a sharp 'vit-vit' when alarmed.

Attracting it

An open structure to nest in, and unmown grass and water for insects. They eat an enormous quantity of flying insects.

Confused with

Tree swallow

Iridescent blue-green above and clean white below, with a shallow notched tail.

Purple martin

Much larger and bulkier; males are entirely dark glossy purple-blue.

Questions about this bird

How do you identify a barn swallow?

A deeply forked tail with long trailing streamers. Rusty-orange throat and forehead against glossy blue.

What does a barn swallow sound like?

A continuous liquid twittering, with a sharp 'vit-vit' when alarmed.

How do you attract a barn swallow?

An open structure to nest in, and unmown grass and water for insects. They eat an enormous quantity of flying insects.